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43.
Threshold effects for two pathogens spreading on a network 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Newman ME 《Physical review letters》2005,95(10):108701
Diseases spread through host populations over the networks of contacts between individuals and a number of results about this process have been derived in recent years by exploiting connections between epidemic processes and bond percolation on networks. Here we investigate the case of two pathogens in a single population, which has been the subject of recent interest among epidemiologists. We demonstrate that two pathogens competing for the same hosts can both spread through a population only for intermediate values of the bond occupation probability that lie above the classic epidemic threshold and below a second higher value, which we call the coexistence threshold, corresponding to a distinct topological phase transition in networked systems. 相似文献
44.
We introduce and study a conserved version of the Fisher equation. Within a population biology context, this model describes spatially extended populations in which the total number of individuals is fixed due to either biotic or environmental factors. We find a rich spectrum of dynamical phases including a pseudotraveling wave and, in the presence of the Allee effect, a phase transition from a locally constrained high density state to a low density fragmented state. 相似文献
45.
Woodard R Newman DE Sánchez R Carreras BA 《Physical review letters》2004,93(24):249801; author reply 249802
46.
47.
Background
Growth hormone (GH) plays an incompletely understood role in the development of the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we use transgenic mice expressing a growth hormone antagonist (GHA) to explore the role of GH in regulating postnatal brain, spinal cord and body growth into adulthood. The GHA transgene encodes a protein that inhibits the binding of GH to its receptor, specifically antagonizing the trophic effects of endogenous GH. 相似文献48.
Newman RS 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2003,113(5):2850-2860
This paper examines whether correlations between speech perception and speech production exist, and, if so, whether they might provide a way of evaluating different acoustic metrics. The cues listeners use for many phonemic distinctions are not known, often because many different acoustic cues are highly correlated with one another, making it difficult to distinguish among them. Perception-production correlations may provide a new means of doing so. In the present paper, correlations were examined between acoustic measures taken on listeners' perceptual prototypes for a given speech category and on their average production of members of that category. Significant correlations were found for VOT among stop consonants, and for spectral peaks (but not centroids or skewness) for voiceless fricatives. These results suggest that correlations between speech perception and production may provide a methodology for evaluating different proposed acoustic metrics. 相似文献
49.
On the planar hexagonal lattice
, we analyze the Markov process whose state (t), in
, updates each site v asynchronously in continuous time t0, so that
v
(t) agrees with a majority of its (three) neighbors. The initial
v
(0)'s are i.i.d. with P[
v
(0)=+1]=p[0,1]. We study, both rigorously and by Monte Carlo simulation, the existence and nature of the percolation transition as t and p1/2. Denoting by +(t,p) the expected size of the plus cluster containing the origin, we (1) prove that +(,1/2)= and (2) study numerically critical exponents associated with the divergence of +(,p) as p1/2. A detailed finite-size scaling analysis suggests that the exponents and of this t= (dependent) percolation model have the same values, 4/3 and 43/18, as standard two-dimensional independent percolation. We also present numerical evidence that the rate at which (t)() as t is exponential. 相似文献
50.
We derive exact expressions for a number of aging functions that are scaling limits of nonequilibrium correlations, R(t(w),t(w)+t) as t(w)-->infinity, t/t(w)-->theta, in the 1D homogenous q-state Potts model for all q with T = 0 dynamics following a quench from T = infinity. One such quantity is (0)(t(w));sigma-->(n)(t(w)+t)> when n/square root of ([t(w))-->z. Exact, closed-form expressions are also obtained when an interlude of T = infinity dynamics occurs. Our derivations express the scaling limit via coalescing Brownian paths and a "Brownian space-time spanning tree," which also yields other aging functions, such as the persistence probability of no spin flip at 0 between t(w) and t(w)+t. 相似文献